"I support you in everything": a qualitative study on maternal perception about their skating daughters

Abstract Aim: The study aimed to understand the perceptions of mothers about the practice of figure skating by their daughters aged between 8 and 13 years old. Methods: Eight mothers of skaters belonging to a youth competition team were interviewed in a qualitative study, which used narratives as the methodological approach. The interview was structured with open-ended questions and the full transcriptions were analyzed through content analysis. Results: The results of the three categories of analysis - "Skating and competing: the first influences"; "Family models and maternal participation"; and "Behavior of parents in sporting events" - showed that mothers perceived they provide emotional and motivational support during their daughters' sports practice and that they do not exert pressure for results. To not recognize negative behaviors could be negative to the skaters and may be the result of an inconscient mechanism or the need of mothers to have socially accepted behavior. They also stressed anxiety during competitions and reported strategies to cope with it. Thus, it is important to raise awareness of this situation so mothers can have more resources to manage this fragile balance. Conclusions: The way mothers participate in their children's sports life and express their support influences their sports practice; therefore, to understand how mothers perceive their involvement in their daughters' sportive practice is important to develop best practices to guarantee the quality of the interaction between mothers-children and healthy psychological development.

Psychometric properties of the Brazilian version of the Athlete Burnout Questionnaire (ABQ) in a sample of young and adult athletes

Abstract Aims: This study investigated the psychometric properties of the Brazilian version of the Athlete Burnout Questionnaire (ABQ). Methods: Participants were five hundred and nineteen young and adult athletes who responded to the ABQ and Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2R. Data analysis was conducted through Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), Cronbach's alpha, Composite reliability, average variance extracted, multigroup analysis, and Pearson's correlation (p<0.05). Results: The results of the CFA confirmed the structure with three dimensions (Physical and emotional exhaustion (PEE), reduced sense of sports accomplishment (RSSA), and sports devaluation (SD) [χ²/gl=2.92; CFI=.92; TLI=.91; RMSEA=.06]. Internal consistency was satisfactory (>.70). External validity revealed a positive correlation between PEE (r=.14) and RSSA (r=.23) with somatic anxiety and a positive correlation of PEE (r=.15), RSSA (r=.30), and SD (r=.14) with cognitive anxiety. Further, all dimensions of burnout had negative correlations with the self-confidence (r=.17-.23). In the factor invariance analysis, satisfactory data were found in the model's fit, establishing good factor loadings, variance/covariance, and residuals in both age groups (up to 18 years and over 18 years) and genders (men and women). Conclusion: It was concluded that the Brazilian version of the ABQ is satisfactory for the application of possible studies involving burnout syndrome in the Brazilian sports context in different group extracts.

Psicologia "do esporte" ou "da performance humana"? Explorando contextos não esportivos e suas implicações teórico-práticas / "Sport" Psychology or "Human performance" Psychology? Exploring non-sportive contexts and their theoretical-practical implications / ¿Psicología "del deporte" o "del performance humano"? Explorando contextos no deportivos y sus implicaciones teórico-prácticas

Historicamente, a Psicologia do Esporte e do Exercício esteve majoritariamente direcionada aos esportes organizados. No entanto, há psicólogos do esporte que adaptam as técnicas e conceitos desta área a demais contextos da performance humana, o que exige uma melhor compreensão sobre as implicações teórico-práticas destas iniciativas. O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar uma análise crítica sobre esta tendência, baseada em estudos teóricos e empíricos sobre Psicologia da Performance. O conceito de Psicologia da Performance pode representar uma unidade existente entre as pesquisas e intervenções direcionadas a diversas atividades humanas. Ao expandir seu escopo, a Psicologia do Esporte dá origem a uma Psicologia da Performance, auxiliando diferentes grupos de pessoas que atuam rotineiramente na busca por níveis máximos de desempenho. Através de uma análise temática de documentos-semente sobre o tema, identificou-se que os principais setores para estas aplicações são: (1) o desenvolvimento pessoal; (2) o mundo empresarial; (3) o mundo artístico; e (4) as forças armadas. Compreender como essa área está se constituindo e os contextos de sua aplicação pode contribuir para a ampliação do campo de trabalho do psicólogo do esporte e para a expansão da psicologia do esporte, especialmente no contexto brasileiro.

Historically, the Sport and Exercise Psychology has been mostly oriented to organized sports. However, there are sports psychologists who adapt concepts and techniques of this area to several contexts of human performance, which requires a better understanding of the theoretical and practical implications of these enterprises. The purpose of this article is to present a critical analysis of this trend, based on theoretical and empirical studies about Performance Psychology. The concept of Performance Psychology may represent an exis-ting unity between research and interventions on different human activities. By expanding its scope, Sport Psychology gives rise to Performance Psycho-logy, which makes it possible to assist several groups of people that routinely seek maximum levels of performance. Through a thematic analysis of seed documents on the subject, it was identified that the main sectors for these applications are: (1) personal development; (2) the business world; (3) the artistic world; and (4) the military. Understanding the contexts of application and how this area is being constituted may contribute to the expansion of Sport Psychology field, as well as the expansion of work possibilities of sports psychologists, especially in the Brazilian context.

Históricamente, la Psicología del Deporte y del Ejercicio estuvo mayoritaria-mente dirigida a los deportes organizados. Sin embargo, hay psicólogos del deporte que adaptan las técnicas y conceptos de esta área a otros contextos del performance humano, requiriendo una mejor comprensión sobre las impli-caciones teórico-prácticas de estas iniciativas. El objetivo de este artículo es presentar un análisis crítico sobre esta tendencia, basada en estudios teóricos y empíricos sobre Psicología del Performance. El concepto de Psicología del Performance puede representar una unidad existente entre investigaciones e intervenciones dirigidas a diversas actividades humanas. Al expandir su alcance, la Psicología del Deporte da origen a una Psicología del Perfor-mance, ayudando a diferentes grupos de personas que actúan rutinariamente buscando los niveles máximos de desempeño. A través de un análisis temático de documentos-semilla sobre el tema, se identificó que los principales sectores para estas aplicaciones son: (1) el desarrollo personal; (2) el mundo empre-sarial; (3) el mundo artístico; y (4) las fuerzas armadas. Comprender cómo esta área se está constituyendo y los contextos de su aplicación pueden contri-buir a la ampliación del campo de trabajo del psicólogo del deporte y para la expansión de la Psicología del Deporte, especialmente en el contexto brasileño.

Reflexões sobre o trabalho do psicólogo do esporte em uma academia de ginástica / Reflections on Sport Psychologist working in fitness centers / Reflexiones sobre Psicólogo del Esporte de trabajo en centros de acondicionamiento

O presente estudo buscou desenvolver uma reflexão sobre a prática do psicólogo do esporte dentro de uma academia de ginástica a partir do relato de experiência de estágio em psicologia. Foi realizada uma pesquisa com alunos e professores que possibilitou a contextualização do ambiente da academia e o planejamento das atividades a serem realizadas. A experiência de estágio possibilitou o início de uma reflexão sobre o campo de atuação do psicólogo do esporte nas academias de ginástica apontando ricas possibilidades para ações e intervenções em diferentes contextos que envolvam atividade física.

This study sought to develop a reflection on the sport psychologist practice within a health club, from the report of internship experience in psychology. We reflect on the role of this professional in that area, seeking to build tune actions with the sports psychology field. The work encompassed interventions with students and teachers. At the end, stage experience pointed to the possibility of sport psychologist's performance in the gyms, pointing to health promotion and support team work, thus contributing to the development of actions in the field of sport psychology.

Este estudio trata de desarrollar una reflexión sobre la práctica psicólogo del deporte en un club de salud, a partir del informe de la experiencia de prácticas en psicología. Reflexionamos sobre el papel de este profesional en esa área, buscando construir acciones sintonía con el campo de la psicología del deporte. El trabajo abarcó intervenciones con alumnos y profesores. Al final, la experiencia etapa apuntó a la posibilidad de que el rendimiento deportivo del psicólogo en los gimnasios, que apunta a promover la salud y el trabajo en equipo de apoyo, contribuyendo así al desarrollo de acciones en el campo de la psicología del deporte.